Another Conversation with Editor-in-Chief of Reuters, with Crowdsourced Questions from China

I got the chance this morning to have another one-on-one conversation with David Schlesinger, the Editor-in-Chief of Reuters. And last night I was worried: a conversation between a social media editor who just has one foot in the door of journalism for one month and a half, and an experienced and established journalist and editor who leads a 3000-people newsroom, hmmm, what should I talk about?

So I decided to crowdsource. Around 9pm the evening before, I posted on my Sina microblog, asking: I am to meet the Editor-in-Chief of Reuters tomorrow morning, do you have any questions for him?

Though I have 600+ followers there, I didn’t expect much feedback. However, by midnight when I got home, there were 10 questions ready. I picked some of them, and took them to David, and it became a pretty interesting conversation. Below you can find the answers – not direct quotes, but based on my notes and memories.

1) Why Reuters’ U.S. site is much more comfortable than its sites for other countries? (为什么路透社的美国站比其他站舒服那么多?)

David: We are doing it step by step. We renovated the U.S. site first, and followed by U.K. site. We’ll change the others in the future.

2) How is Reuters doing on merger and acquisition and any positive trends in the industry? (路透社如何做媒体融合?业内看好的趋势是什么?)

David: It is a difficult yet exiting time for journalism. The key is innovation. We value the technology that provides us different ways to present journalism. For example, we bought OpenCalais from an Israel company.

3) What is your view on news charging? Do you think that is against people’s right to access information freely? (怎么看待新闻收费?是否有悖于信息公开和公民的知情权?)

David: We need to pay the journalists. Reuters is selling professional news/information to professionals in a professional way. We do it partly by advertisement and partly by monthly subscription fees to our products, such as the Reuters Insider. And we are moving towards a more integrated model. I don’t think that is against people’s right to information. Monetization of journalism is necessary.

4) What do you think the rise of iPad and decline of print will influence the way that people consume information in the future?(怎么看待iPad的上升和纸媒的衰落?对未来人们摄取信息的方式会有怎样的影响?)

David: Personally I no longer subscribe to any prints anymore. I do all my readings on my iPad. Every morning I read on my iPad on my way to work, and when I arrive office, I’m done. That’s it. Mobile is the future.

5) How does Reuters deal with photos of corpse esp. in disaster reporting? (路透如何处理新闻中死者的照片,尤其是在涉及死亡的灾难报道中)

David: We need to be sensitive to people while attracting readers. We are never intrusive. But it is a grey area and we take ethics carefully.

6) What is your view on Chinese students’ anti-Japanese protests recently? (怎么看待今日中国学生的游行活动?)

David: While doing this kind of news, we need to be very sensitive to history. We keep objective, balancing the story with different views, instead of taking sides.

Freelancing Spirit for Media Organizations

Some afterthoughts of Reuters Editor-in-Chief’s talk about future of journalism, at Journalism and Media Studies Centre at the University of Hong Kong on October 15, 2010.

He said that it is an age of publishers. It means that old-fashioned journalists can no longer staying in their comfort zone and rejecting the new technology and the changes happening in the journalism industry. When a journalist write the story, he or she has to think of the end-consumer – the readers, and to image their reaction to the story.

That is exactly what freelancers do – they can only sustain their career when the reader buy them. “They sell their stories, or they starve,” said David Schlesinger, who started his career as a freelancer and currently the Editor-in-Chief of Reuters.

This spirit does not only apply to the journalists, but to the media organizations as well. Reuters, New York Times, SCMP, or any other organizations that are struggling to keep journalism alive. Media used to be powerful – in the sense of controlling the information that people receive, which granted them – the editors and journalists the status of elites. Now the elitism is collapsing. Journalism is becoming a commodity (sadly), and has to chase after its consumers. There is a shift of power from the traditional newsroom to the mass community.

And David offers some tips of how to entertain the audience: adding photo/multi-media/social-media elements to the stories to make them more eye-catching, having stories in the archive more cross-referenced to help readers find the useful information, studying people’s news-consuming behavior and patterns to serve them better – he talks in a way that no one would doubt he is a businessman.

But can businessmen, or self-employed freelancers, really do journalism well? They need to take risk sometimes, so as to make better profit, but most of the time they would prefer avoiding risks – Just like what Reuters did on its Chinese website for the Nobel Peace Prize’s story of 2010: playing with the layout, balancing the quotes, etc., so as to play safe. It is slightly better than self-censorship. And it is necessary for them to serve not only the Chinese readers but to the Chinese government. If journalism used to be proud of its power to challenge the government, I wouldn’t expect this to happen if freelancer spirit becomes the mainstream.

Plus it is not an easy change. For some market-oriented media organizations it is easier, but how about those government-subsidized ones?

So I wouldn’t hope that it is the end of the power-shift: the mass community, or the market, driving the journalism is not the ideal situation. Just like I wouldn’t expect the Corporate Social Responsibility officers in private sectors to do all the good that non-profits can do, I wouldn’t expect a freelancing-led journalism industry to nurture muckrackers – even if it does, they will be starving to death.

编译:媒体协作项目综览(上)

译者言:目前的工作性质决定了我对媒体前沿的不断追逐,并企图创新。现今的媒界是一个令人激动的世界,充满着各种变化——以及随之而来的危机感,从而带来更多的新观点、新尝试与新产品。这些在从前百年规规矩矩的采写、编辑、印刷、销售这条不变的流程中不会出现的创新如今每日都在涌现。跨越中英文媒体的我,又更多的看到华文媒体与世界的不同——例如在我这次选译的文章里所提到的大部分尝试,在中国是不曾出现过的。希望可以通过引介更多国际性新闻机构的突破,来为华文媒体正在进行中或者不久之后将要进行的改革提供一些思路。

以下为译文。大部分根据原文翻译,省略了小部分过于美国的案例,后半部分加入了不少自己的评注。第一次做这样的编译,在风格、语言等等各方面欢迎大家的批评和建议。此文的原文来自:A Growing Inventory of Journalism Collaborations。如果你懂得翻墙上推,也可以直接follow原文作者Josh Stearns @jcstearns

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新闻共享、协作编辑、商业合作——记者,以及新闻机构,正越来越多的探索与外界合作的新方法。而这些努力带来了一些从前靠一个人的努力所无法想象的成果,产出了新一类的新闻,并且为一些本土社区带来了更多的报道——当然,故事的另一侧面则是进一步的合并、新闻机构的裁员以及本土报道的缩水。

为了更好地整理、评价以及理解这些协作项目,以及它们对本地新闻及社区的影响,我开始将它们分类整理(目前的类别有新闻分享、公私合作、公益媒体协作以及大学新闻合作)。我个人对长期的协作(而非一次性的合作项目)有更大的兴趣。我的列表里的项目部分来自我自己的搜集,也有些来自我推特上的粉丝。如果你有更多的项目可以分享,请不要犹豫,告诉我。

1)商业新闻合作

俄亥俄州的新闻机构:俄亥俄州最大的八份报纸合作共享它们创作的内容,包括体育版,政府新闻,以及本地报道。这个合作计划主要基于获取彼此的新闻并再度印刷,但在此基础之上,它们也成功的合作进行了一些无法以一己之力完成的调查,并且共享调查结果,但独立写作各自的报道。

得克萨斯/缅因/佛罗里达/马里兰:在得克萨斯,达拉斯晨报(Dallas Morning News )和沃斯堡星报(the Fort Worth Star-Telegram )分享它们的照片和音乐会评论,并且合并了它们两家的运送业务。在缅因,五份当地报纸启动了与俄亥俄州类似的合作计划。三份佛罗里达的报纸也在分享长篇特写。华盛顿邮报(The Washington Post )与巴尔的摩太阳报(Baltimore Sun)在合作创作马里兰的当地新闻。

Fox与NBC电视台:两家共享一支摄影队伍,并且在全国的不同城市合并使用它们的器材——包括费城、芝加哥、纽约、洛杉矶、达拉斯和华盛顿,并且它们还在计划更多的合作地点,以及将此类合作业务拓展到电台和印刷业务。

夏威夷:CBS, NBC和MyNetwork三家电视台在火奴鲁鲁合作创立了当地“最大的电视新闻运营中心”。三家电视台选择在同一地点办公,共享它们的采编队伍以及选题,尽管最后的播出节目依旧面向不同的观众。这样的合作形式导致三家电视台总共裁员将近70人。

华盛顿州:新闻机构使用一个名为Publish2的协作系统,联结各自创作的地区新闻。合作最初起源于2009年1月,当时华盛顿州遭遇洪水,于是由不同媒体公司掌管的四家报纸就合作创作在洪水期间的相关新闻,以保证各自的报道覆盖全州。

少数族裔媒体:在美国,越南报纸与西班牙语报纸共享它们的内容,非洲裔鲍照业余西班牙裔报纸也会合作进行关于少数族裔医疗立法的报道。在洛杉矶和新奥尔兰,有专门的网络协作平台,为少数族裔的媒体合作提供机会。

西雅图:西雅图时报与一些本地的博客作者合作,他们分享链接,并且共同报道。有些新闻机构正在寻求类似的模式,以图成为社区新闻的集大成者,从而为它们的读者提供更多的微观层面的新闻,同时在整个过程中提升它们对读者的价值。

2)公私合作

ProPublica:ProPublica与一系列的商业/非商业新闻机构合作。它们的报道出现在洛杉矶时报、纽约时报、华盛顿邮报以及其他类似刊物上。最近的一次协作是与This American Life以及NPR’s Planet Money blog 进行,它们共同做了一个关于一家对冲基金公司的深度报道,以及这家公司在金融危机中的角色分析。

(译者按:ProPublica是一个很有意思的模式。它成立于2007年十月,但直到2008年六月才正式开始发出报道。它的强项是深入调查性报道,有很强的公众性质,但同时又是非赢利的独立媒体——它试图解决的问题正是高质量的调查性报道的缺乏资金支持。它产出的报道质量颇高,让人好奇背后是怎样的运作——它的现任领导者是华尔街时报的前主编Paul Steiger,它的现任主编Stephen Engelberg是纽约时报的前高级调查新闻编辑,无怪乎它对报道本身的把握十分之准确和到位了——它自认为是“全美国最大、有最佳领导、受最多资金支持的调查性新闻中心”。它目前有32名记者,他们写出高质量的报道,却免费提供给美国的传统大媒体——在2009年,它总共出产了138篇调查性报道,提供给了38家合作单位——更值得一提的是其中一篇还获得了普利策奖。至于资金来源,The Sandler Foundation是最大的支持者,但我没有查到ProPublica一年究竟需要多少的钱来支持——欢迎有兴趣深入的读者补充吧。)

The Media Consortium:这是一个美国独立媒体联盟,旨在加强独立媒体的发声,增强它们共同的影响力,并帮助它们扩大读者群。联盟资助相关的培训、策略、研究、实习、博客、报道以及其他。

(译者按:The Media Consortium的口号是,支持强大、热情、独立的媒体,它旗下的成员可以参看这里,可以发现不少有自己关注点的独立媒体,例如环保类的、关注妇女的、搞民主建设的、做媒体投资的,等等。它对于成员的“入会”也有一套标准,其中有一条颇有意思的是“推行渐进式的理想”——不得不让人佩服美国这个充满理想主义的国度。它网站上有四个分站,引向它旗下成员出产的四类最好的报道——经济、环境、医疗、移民,均是相当关乎民生的重要议题。)

圣地亚哥之声(Voice of San Diego):它与一个本地电台600AM KOGO有一个正在进行中的合作计划,即共同制作一个每周播出的节目。它们也与NBC的圣地亚哥分部合作,并以此获得收入。此外,它还与 Media Arts Center 合作创作影像节目,作为公民新闻的一部分,与其网站上的内容同步更新。(@vosdscott贡献此条)

Local editions:一些全国性的报纸与一些本地新闻小公司——通常是非赢利的新闻机构合作,以此获得一些地区性的报道。The Bay Citizen是一个小型新闻公司,它与旧金山的 KQED ,伯克利大学的新闻学院以及纽约时报有合作计划。 The Chicago News Collaborative 也与纽约时报在芝加哥有类似的安排。它也与当地的公共电视台WTTW合作

(译者按:The Bay Citizen是一个相当成功的地方社区新闻案例。它于2010年5月才成立,6月初开始报道,专注于湾区的新闻,报道社区和公民议题。它背后的CEO Lisa Frazier是麦肯锡咨询的前partner,亦有一支强大的十多人的编辑团队——主编和CTO亦都是非常有经验的人士,例如新闻部主编Steve Fainaru之前在华盛顿邮报干了10年,拿过普利策奖。它的资金来源比较多元,可以参见这里,启动资金的500万美元来自于The Hellman Family Foundation。它目前专注于文字与网站,下一步的计划则是多媒体——播客、电台甚至电视都在它的谋划中。)

哥本哈根新闻协作 Copenhagen News Collaborative:在哥本哈根气候峰会期间,一群来源于不同新闻机构的记者应用了这个协作创作的新闻模式,试图以此来超越它们独立的记者、编辑以及评论员所能在一个国际性会议上做到的极限,创作出更好的新闻报道。

The Climate Desk:它是一个记者之间的协作,致力于探索变化中的气候对人类、环境、经济、政治等各方面的影响。合作伙伴包括The Atlantic, Center for Investigative Reporting, Grist, Mother Jones, Slate, Wired, and PBS’s new public-affairs show Need To Know。目标是尝试一种分散的媒体协作模式,即组织一群分散的报道队伍,共同头脑风暴、分配任务并且分享报道。

(译者按:表面上看起来这是一个小巧简洁的网站,使用Drupal的CMS建立,目前的资金来源主要是the Surdna Foundation和the Park Foundation两家一直支持环境类新闻的基金会。它的运作由来自于各个合作伙伴的编辑记者们协作完成——很好奇它们是如何完成这样分散的协作的。)

DocumentCloud:这个项目由A Knight News Challenge 投资,它既是一个一手资料的储藏室,又是一个基于文件的调查性报道工具。它基于网络,可以在庞杂的文件中帮你分析出人名、地名,找出时间轴,等等。这个项目的目标是帮助记者更快的从大量文本中获取有效信息并进行分析。它最初只与纽约时报以及ProPublica工作,现在已经有将近70家媒体参与使用。

(译者按:在信息超载的今天,如何处理大量的文本资料是许多记者需要面对的一个棘手的问题,于是就出现了很多此类的工具,帮助你将那些词条过滤出来,减轻记者的工作量。Data Journalism也是一个现在很多人在致力的方向——包括南华早报的主编。如果你对媒体的商业模式感兴趣,或许可以看一下他的博客。)

[未完待续]

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